一、 鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi) 腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)是材(cai)料或(huo)其性能(neng)在環境(jing)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)下(xia)引起的(de)(de)(de)破壞或(huo)變質。大多數的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)發生在大氣(qi)環境(jing)中(zhong)，大氣(qi)中(zhong)含(han)(han)有氧(yang)氣(qi)、濕度(du)、溫度(du)變化(hua)(hua)(hua)和(he)污染物(wu)(wu)等腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)成分和(he)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)因素。鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)就是一種常見和(he)最有破壞性的(de)(de)(de)大氣(qi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)。這(zhe)里講(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)是指氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)大氣(qi)，它的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)成分是海(hai)洋中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)鹽(yan)(yan)——氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鈉，它主(zhu)要來源(yuan)于海(hai)洋和(he)內(nei)地(di)鹽(yan)(yan)堿地(di)區(qu)。鹽(yan)(yan)霧(wu)對(dui)金屬(shu)材(cai)料表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)(shi)是由(you)于含(han)(han)有的(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)離(li)子穿透金屬(shu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng)和(he)防(fang)護層(ceng)與內(nei)部金屬(shu)發生電化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)反應引起的(de)(de)(de)。同時，氯(lv)離(li)子含(han)(han)有一定的(de)(de)(de)水合能(neng)，易被吸附在金屬(shu)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)孔隙、裂縫排(pai)擠(ji)并(bing)取代氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)層(ceng)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)，把不溶性的(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)變成可(ke)溶性的(de)(de)(de)氯(lv)化(hua)(hua)(hua)物(wu)(wu)，使鈍化(hua)(hua)(hua)態(tai)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)變成活潑(po)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)。造成對(dui)產品極壞的(de)(de)(de)不良反應。

　　二(er)(er)、 鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)及與(yu)實(shi)際的(de)聯系 鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是一(yi)(yi)種主要(yao)利用(yong)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)設備所創造的(de)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)模擬(ni)(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)來考(kao)核(he)(he)產(chan)品(pin)或(huo)金屬材料耐腐蝕(shi)性能的(de)環(huan)(huan)境試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。它分為(wei)二(er)(er)大(da)(da)類(lei)(lei)，一(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)天(tian)然環(huan)(huan)境暴露試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，另一(yi)(yi)類(lei)(lei)為(wei)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)加速模擬(ni)(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。人(ren)(ren)工(gong)模擬(ni)(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)是利用(yong)一(yi)(yi)種具有一(yi)(yi)定容(rong)積(ji)空(kong)間的(de)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)設備——鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)箱，在(zai)(zai)其容(rong)積(ji)空(kong)間內用(yong)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)的(de)方法，造成(cheng)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境來對產(chan)品(pin)的(de)耐鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)腐蝕(shi)性能質量進(jin)(jin)行考(kao)核(he)(he)。它與(yu)天(tian)然環(huan)(huan)境相(xiang)比，其鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境的(de)氯化(hua)物的(de)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)濃度，可以是一(yi)(yi)般天(tian)然環(huan)(huan)境鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)含量的(de)幾(ji)倍或(huo)幾(ji)十倍，使(shi)腐蝕(shi)速度大(da)(da)大(da)(da)提高(gao)，對產(chan)品(pin)進(jin)(jin)行鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，得出結果(guo)(guo)的(de)時間也大(da)(da)大(da)(da)縮短(duan)。如在(zai)(zai)天(tian)然暴露環(huan)(huan)境下對某產(chan)品(pin)樣(yang)品(pin)進(jin)(jin)行試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，待其腐蝕(shi)可能要(yao)1年，而在(zai)(zai)人(ren)(ren)工(gong)模擬(ni)(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)環(huan)(huan)境條(tiao)件(jian)下試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)，只要(yao)24小時，即(ji)可得到相(xiang)似(si)的(de)結果(guo)(guo)。 人(ren)(ren)工(gong)模擬(ni)(ni)(ni)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)又包(bao)括中性鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、醋酸鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、銅鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)加速醋酸鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)、交變(bian)鹽(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)霧(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。

　　競道鹽霧腐蝕(shi)試驗(yan)箱(xiang)乃針對各種材質之表面處(chu)理，包(bao)含(han)五(wu)金(jin)電(dian)鍍，五(wu)金(jin)，電(dian)子零部件，化工涂料，烤漆(qi)，汽車，摩托車，五(wu)金(jin)潔具，螺(luo)絲，彈簧，磁(ci)性材料，有機(ji)(ji)及(ji)無機(ji)(ji)皮(pi)膜，陽(yang)極處(chu)理，防銹(xiu)油(you)等行業的質量檢測(ce)，測(ce)試其制品(pin)之耐蝕(shi)性。

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